Nanoemulsification in Drug Delivery and Nanogel Formulation: A Review
Barre latérale de l'article
Contenu principal de l'article
Résumé
Purpose: Nanoemulsification a unification of nanotechnology and emulsification. It is crucial in advanced drug delivery as smaller particle size of drug gives an increased effect due to a larger surface area. The aim of this work is to aggregate information on nanoemulsification as a valuable technique in the formulation of nanogels.
Principal Methodologies: Data were obtained through detailed review of Google Scholar, Scopus, Pubmed and Science Direct to extract information that are related to the subject in discourse.
Key findings: The various findings are presented herein. Nanoemulsification has been described as the formulation of a heterogenous product in which two immiscible liquids (oil and water) are mixed and stabilized with a surface-active agent to produce droplets within the nano-range of 20 – 200 nm. It yields products with larger surface area and increased solubility especially for hydrophobic drugs. Nanoemulsion protect delicate active ingredients from enzymatic degradation and prevent premature degradation of drugs via encapsulation. The tiny droplets prevent creaming and sedimentation of dispersed systems. Nanoemulsified products, due to their larger surface area and reduced droplet size are easily absorbed than conventional emulsion. They are characterized by increased bioavailability of therapeutic actives. Nanogel can be developed via nanoemulsification. Nanogels possess unique features such as softness, deformability and permeability that make them attractive in nanomedicine and targeted drug delivery of proteins, vaccines and small molecules.
Conclusion: This review critically analyzes nanoemulsification, properties that make nanoemulsion desirable in drug delivery as well as the delivery of nanoemulsion as a nanogel.
Téléchargements
Renseignements sur l'article
Cette œuvre est sous licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale - Pas de Modification 4.0 International.
Références
Tongi, J. Nanotechnology Principles and Applications for Innovative Material Development. Journal of Basic Clinical Pharmacy. 2023; 14(3): 260-261.
Larsen, S.D. In: Melton, L., Shahidi, F., Varelis, P. (Eds.). Encyclopedia of Food Chemistry. Elsevier publication 2019; 1, 1888 – 1895.
Chircov, C., and Grumezescu, A. M. Nanoemulsion Preparation, Characterization and Application in the Field of Biomedicine in: Nanoarchitectonics in Biomedicine. Elsevier Publisher 2019; (9): 170 – 174.
Gaikwad, R., and Shinde, A. Overview of Nanoemulsion Preparation Methods, Characterization Techniques and Applications. Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2022; 12 (4): 266 – 270.
Umale, N., Wankhade, S., Hingame, M., Kathane, S., Kadu, S., and Sawarkar, H. S. Emulgel and Nanoemulgel as Topical Drug Delivery System 2025; 3 (1): 286 – 290.
Jacob, S., and Nair, A. B. Nanoemulgels as advanced Topical Drug Delivery Systems: Mechanistic insights and Therapeutic Applications in Skin Disorders, Infections, Wound Healing and Cancer. Journal of Pharmaceuticals 2026; 19 (2): 3390 – 33410.
Preeti, S. S., Malik, R., Bhatia, S., Al Harrasi A., Rani, C., Saharan, R., Kumar, S. and Geeta, S, R. Nanoemulsion: An Emerging Novel Technology for improving the Bioavailability of Drugs. Journal of Scientifica 2023; 1. 1 – 25.
Amit, K. N., Ahmad, S., Beg, S., Ara, T. J., Mohammad, S. H. Applications of Nano- composite materials in Drug Delivery. In Drug Delivery: Present, Past and Future of medicine. Woodhead Publishing Series in Biomaterials 2018; 12, 255 – 282.
Afolalu, S. A., Soetan, S. B., Ongbali, S. O., Abioye, A. A. and Oni, A. S. Morphological characterization and physiochemical properties of nanoparticle – Review. IOP. Conference series: Materials Science and Engineering 2019; 640, 1 – 12.
Gupta, R. G., Watene, N. C., Zade, T., Taksande, J., and Umekar, J. M. Advancement in Nanoemulsion and nanogels technology for Topical Drug Delivery. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2024; 2 (5): 270 – 285.
Madhuri, D., and Kumar, J. N. Formulation and Evaluation of Nanogel Used for the treatment of Psoriasis. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical dosage forms and technology; Raipur. 2023; 15 (1): 19 – 24.
Mastella, P., Todaro, B., Luin, S. Nanogels: Recent Advances in Synthesis and Biomedical Applications. Journal of Nanomaterials. 2024; 14 (15): 1300 – 1360.
Malode, G.P., Ande, S. and Chavham, S.A., Bartare, S. A., Malode, L. L., Manwar, J.V. and Bakal, R. L. A critical review on nanoemulsion: Advantages, techniques and characterization. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 2021; 11(3): 462 – 473.
Yadav S. K; Saxena R., Soni, G. Nanogels Targeted Drug Delivery Vehicles in: Nanogels for Biomedical Applications. Smart Materials as series Publishers. 2017; 9, 143 -160
Makhlouf, A. S. H and Abu-Thabit, N. Y. Stimuli Responsive Polymeric Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery Applications, Volume 1. Woodhead publishing Series 2018; 3 – 41.
Cassano, R and Trombino, S. Solid Lipid Nanoparticless based on L- cysteine for Progesterone Intravaginal Delivery. International Journal of Polymer Science 2018; 16, 19 (2): 586 – 597.
Drexier K. E. Nanosystems: Molecular Machinery, Manufacturing and Computation. Journal of Advanced Materials. John Wiley Publisher 1993; 5 (11), 865 – 866.
Elena, V. G. and Garcia-Estepa R. M. Nanotechnology in the Agrofood Industry. Journal of Food Engineering. Elsevier Publishers 2018; 2238, 1 – 11
Bongaerts, E., Nawrot, T. S., Pee, T. V., Ameloot, M. and Bore, H. Translocation of Ultrafine Particles and Nanoparticles across the Placenta, a Systemic Review on the Evidence of invitro, ex vivo and in vivo Studies. Journal of Particle Fibre Toxicology 2020; 17: 56
Zahra, A. C., Zhou, M., and Foudazi, R. Nanoemulsion Polymerization and Templating: Potentials and Perspectives. Journal of Applied Physics 2022; 131 – 138
Olorunsola EO, Edet SO, Majekodunmi SO, Attih EE. Nanocrystal formation of hydrochlorothiazide: Effect of a surfactant on the solid-state properties. Nig J Pharm Appl Sci Res 2023; 12(2): 15-21.
Olorunsola EO, Ekpeowo SU, Momoh MA, Adikwu MU. Polysorbate 80 – modulated nanocrystallization for enhancement of griseofulvin solubility. German J Pharm Biomaterials. 2023; 2(4):1 – 7.
Tayeb, H. H., Felimban, R., Almaghrabi, S., and Hasaballah, N. Nanoemulsions: Formulation, Characterization, Biological fate and Potential Role against COVID – 19 and other viral outbreaks. J. Colloid Interface Sci. Communications 2021; 45: 100533 – 100543
Evren, H. G. and Alexandru, M. G Nanobiomaterials a Galenic formulations and Cosmetics. Applications of Nanobiomaterials. In Cassano, R, Mellace, S., Trombino, S Applications of Nanocomposite materials in Drug Delivery 2018; 10. 395 – 417.
Mohit N. Review on Nanoemulsion Drug Delivery System and Formulation, Evaluation and their Pharmaceutical Applications. International Journal of Healthcare and Nursing 2023; 2 (1): 35 – 61
Patel, R. B, Patel, M. R, Thakore, S.D., Patel, B. G. Nanoemulsion as a valuable Nanostructure platform for Pharmaceutical Drug Delivery In: Nano and Microscale Drug Delivery Systems. Elservier Publisher 2017; 17, 321 – 341.
McClements, D. V. and Seung, J. C. nanoemulsions as Delivery System for lipophilic Nutraceuticals: Strategies for Improving their Formulation, Stability, Functionality and Bioavailability. Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology. 2020; 29: 149 - 168
Vishal, Devi, N., Gupta, J. and Swati J. A Review on: Nanoemulsions as advanced Drug Delivery Systems, Formulation strategies, Mechanisms, Applications and Future Perspectives. Int. J. of Pharm. Sci., 2026; 4 (3): 2161 – 2177
Shaker, D. S., Ishak, R. A., Ghoneim, A. and Elhuoni, M. A. Nanoemulsion: A Review on Mechanisms for the Transdermal delivery of Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Drugs. Journal of Sci Pharm 2019; 87 (3): 17 – 34.
Kruti, S., S., Swapni, D., Tatiana, B. K. Nanogels: An Overview of Properties, Biomedical Applications and Obstacles to Clinical Translation. Journal of Controlled Release 2015; 240: 109 – 126.
Olorunsola, E. O., Davies, K. G., Ibiang, K. P, Esukpa, P. C, Uwaechi, E. G., Ahsan, F. Prosochit®?based nanoparticulate system of insulin for oral delivery: Design, formulation and characterization. J Appl Pharm Sci 2023; 13(03): 044-052.
Karg, M., Pich, A., Hellweg, T., Hoare, T., Lyon, A., Crassous, J., Suzuki, D., Gumerov R., Schneider, S., Potemkin, I., and Richtering, W. Nanogels and Microgels: From Model colloids to applications, recent development and Future Trends. Langmuir Journal. 2019; 35(19): 6231 – 6255.
Olorunsola, E. O, Davies, K. G, Essien, E. B, Alozie, M. F, Adedokun, M. O. and Ahsan, F. Orally administered Prosochit®?based nanoparticles of insulin ameliorates alloxan?induced diabetes in rats. Journal of Scientific Pharmaceutics 2022; 90: 66.
Smith, B. R. and Gambhir, S.S. Nanomaterial for in vivo Imaging. J Chemical Review. 2017; 17 (3), 901 – 986.
Al-Hussaniy, H, Almajidi , Y. Q, Oraibi, A. I. and Alkarawi, A. H. Nanoemulsions as medicinal components in insoluble medicines. Journal of Pharmacia 2023; 70 (3): 537 – 547.
Chacko, R. T., Ventura, J., Zhuang, J. and Thayumanayan, S. Polymer nanogels: A versatile nanoscopic Drug Delivery Platform. Advanced Drug Delivery Revision 2013; 64 (9): 836 – 851.
Sasaki, Y and Akiyoshi, K. Nanogel Engineering for new Nanobiomaterials: From Chaperoning Engineering to Biomedical Applications. Journal of Chemical Records 2010; 10 (6): 366 -376
Mahipal, R. D., Siva, R. M., Kowthawarapu, V. K., Gautam, S. and Sunil, K. D. (2023). Nanoemulgel: A Novel nanocarrier as a tool for Topical Drug Delivery. Journal of Pharmaceuticals 2023; 15 (1): 164 – 168.
EL-eithy, E. S., Makky, A. M., Khattab, A. M. and Doaa, G. H. Nanoemulsion gel of Nutraceutical Co-enzyme Q10as an alternative to conventional topical delivery system to enhance skin permeability and anti –wrinkle efficiency. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science 2017; 9 (11): 207 – 217.
Vaibhav, V. C., Rupalben, J. and Kakde, P. A Review on Nanoemulsions: a Recent Drug Delivery Tool. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 2019; 9 (5): 185 – 191.
Singh, T.G., Dhiman, S. and Chitkara, M. Nanobiomaterials: Applications in Biomedicine and Biotechnology In: Fabrication and Self Assembly of Nanobiomaterials 2016; 13; 401 – 429.
Ramos, J., Forcada, J., and Hildalgo – Alvarez, R. cationic Polymer Nanoparticle and Nanogel from Synthesis to Biotechnological Application. Chemical Reviews 2014; 114 (1): 367 – 428.
Salim, N., Ahmad, N., Musa, S.H., Hashima, R and Tadros, T. F. Nanoemulsion as a Topical delivery System of anti-psoriatic drugs. Royal Society of Chemistry Advances 2016; 6 (8): 6234 -6250.
Sabaghi, M., Hoseyni, S. Z., Mozafari, M. R., Katouzian, I. Strategies of confining green tea catechin compounds in Nano – biopolymeric matrices: A review. Colloids and surfaces B: Biointerfaces. Elsevier publishers 2021; 204: 111781 – 111803