Characterization, In-vitro Detection of Extracellular Hydrolytic Enzymes and Antifungal Susceptibility of Faecal Candida Isolates from Diarrhoeal Patients
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Mycological analysis of 60 diarrhoeal stool samples from patients attending different hospitals / clinics in Uyo was carried out using standard procedure. Characterization of extracellular hydrolytic enzymes and antifungal susceptibility of candida isolates obtained were determined using appropriate culture media and disc diffusion technique. Of the 60 stool samples collected, 70.0 % samples were only watery, 18.3 % samples were watery and mucoid, 6.7 % samples were watery and bloody, while 5.0 % samples were watery, mucoid and bloody. Of the 42 stool samples (watery only), 21.4 % showed candida overgrowth (counts of >104 CFU/ml) and the five candida species isolated were C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis and C. krusei. The results showed that 41.7 % and 33.3 % stool samples from male patients aged ? 20 yrs and ? 51yrs had candida isolates, respectively. Among the female patients with diarrhoea, the highest occurrence of candida isolates was obtained from age group < 20 yrs and the lowest occurrence was obtained among age group 31-40 yrs. There was no significant relationship (P ?0.05) between the age group and occurrence of candida isolates in the diarrhoeal stool of patients. ? 60.9 %, 47.8 % and 65.2 % isolates were sensitive to fluconazole, nystatin and voriconazole, respectively. The results showed that 39.1 % isolates produced haemolysin and 26.1 % produced protease only, 17.4 % isolates produced both haemolysin and lipase, 13.4 % were both haemolysin and protease producers, 8.7 % isolates produced both lipase and protease, while 11.1 % isolates produced all the three extracellular hydrolytic enzymes. This study has revealed the emergence of candida associated diarrhoea in the study area and voriconazole as the first drug of choice for the treatment.
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