Isolation and Anti-oxidant Potentials of Parahydroxybenzaldehyde from the Methanol Leaf Extract of Aspilia Africana (Pers.) C.D. Adams (Asteraceae)
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The leaf of Aspilia africana (Pers) C. D. Adams (Asteraceae) is widely used in ethno medicinal practices in tropical Africa because of its ability to stop bleeding, promote rapid healing of wounds and treat infertility. It has also been used in the management of problems related to cardiovascular diseases, lumbago, venereal diseases inflammations, tumours and parasitic infections. This study was carried out on the leaf methanol extract to determine the phytochemical and anti-oxidant properties. The methanol extract was subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening, which showed the presence of saponins, tannins, flavonoids, carbohydrate and other secondary metabolites. The methanol extract was partitioned with n-hexane, dichloromethane and n-butanol. The bio-assay guided silica gel column chromatographic separation of the butanol fraction furnished pale white crystals (18 mg), mp. 116-118 ?C, characterized as parahydroxy benzaldehyde on the basis of spectral analysis (UV, IR, 1H NMR). The anti-oxidant assay using DPPH scavenging method, showed that the isolated compound had higher activity than n-butanol fraction and methanol extract with IC50 values of 73.5 ?g/mL, 88.90 ?g/mL and 95.50 ?g/mL respectively compared to standard drugs (Vitamin C; 37.5 ?g/mL and Vitamin E; 48.0 ?g/mL).. The n-hexane and dichloromethane fractions did not show any antioxidant activity. This also confirmed the basis for the local use of the plant in treating/managing cardiovascular diseases, wounds, tumors inflammations and parasitic infections
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Ahmad, R., Muniandy, S., Shukri, N., Alias. S., Hamid, A., Yusoff , W., Senafi. S. and Daud, F. (2014) Antioxidant Properties and Glucan Compositions of Various Crude Extract from Lentinus squarrosulus Mycelial Culture. Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology, 5, 805-814. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/abb.2014.510094
Bagchi, K. and Puri, S. (1998). Free radicals and antioxidants in health and disease. East Mediterranean Health Jr. 4:350-60.
Blios, M. S. (1959). Antioxidant Determination by the Use of a Stable Free Radical. Nature Journal. 181; 1199-1200
Buijnster, M., Bicanic, D., Chirtoc, M., Nicoli, M. C. and Min-kucience, Y. (2001). Evaluation of Antioxidant activity of some Antioxidants by means of Combined OPthothermal Window and DPPH Free Radical Colorimetry. Analytical Science. 17; 544-546
Burkill, H.M. (1985). The useful plants of West Tropical Africa. Royal Botanic Garden, Kew. Families A-D, P. 446-447.
ChemicalBook, (2016s http://www.chemicalbook.com/ChemicalProductProperty_EN_CB6446138.htm#Laboratory method for preparing hydroxybenzaldehyde. Retrieved 13 April, 2017.
Chesseman, K. H.andSlater, T. F.(1993). An introduction of free radical chemistry.Br. Med Bull. 49:481-93.
Duke, J. (1992), Handbook of Biological Active Phytochemicals and their Activities. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL USA. Pp: 99-131
Dzoyema, JP., Melongb, R., Tsamob, AT Maffob, T Kapchec, DG., Ngajuib, BT., McGawa, LJ and Eloffa JN (2017) Cytotoxicity, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of four compounds produced by an endophytic fungus Epicoccum nigrum associated with Entada abyssinica; Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia 27( 2), 251–253
Faleye, F.J. and Abiodun, O.O. (2012). Evaluation of Anti-oxidant and Anti-microbial Activities of two isolates from Aspilia africana (Pers.) C.D. Adams, International Journal of Pharmacy 3 (7) 135-138
German, J., (1999). Food Poisoning and Lipid Oxidation. Advanced Experimental Med Biol. (Pubmed) 459:23-31
Guangrong. H., Jiaxin, J., Dehui, D. (2008). Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of the Methanol Extract of Artemisisa anomala(S). Moore. African Journal of Biotechnology. 7(9): 1335-1338.
Harbourne, J. B. (1984) Phytochemical Methods-A Guide to Modern Technique of Plant Analysis. 2nd Edn., Chapman and Hall, New York, pp: 120.
Johnson E.C., Ilyas, M., Eseyin, O.A., Etim, E.I., Udobre, A.S., Udoh, A.E. and Edem, E.O. (2016). Isolation, Characterization and Anti-Diabetic Potentials of Oleanolic Acid from the Leaves of Aspilia africana (Pers) C.D Adams (Asteraceae) Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Research 2(2) (2016) 62–65.
Leitao, G.G., Leitao, S.G. and Vilegas, W. (2002) Quick Preparative Separation of Natural Naphthoquinone with Antioxidant Activity by High Speed Counter Current Chromatography. Z nature Forsch. 57(12): 1051-1055.
Ken Ferm. (2014). Useful Tropical Plants Database. African journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 10(5): 336-345
Lobo, V., Patil, A., Phatak, A. and Chandra, N. (2010). Free radicals antioxidants and functional foods. Impact on human health pharmacogn Review Jr. 4(8): 118-126.
Molyneux, P. (2004). The Use of Stable of Free Radical Diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) for Estimating Antioxidant Activity. Songklanakarin Journal ofScience and Technology. 26(2): 211-219
Muller, F. L., Lustgarten, M. S., Jang, Y., Richardson, A. and Van Remmen, H. (2007).Trends in oxidative aging Theories.Free Radical.Bio.Med 43(4):477-503.
Oboh, G. (2006). Antioxidant Properties of some commonly consumed and underutilized Tropical Legumes. European Food Research and Technology 224(1): 61-65.
Petacci, F., Tavares, W.S., Freitas, S.S., Teles, A.M., Serrão, J.E.and Zanuncio, J.C (2012) Phytochemistry and quantification of polyphenols in extracts of the Asteraceae weeds from Diamantina, Minas Gerais state, Brazil Planta daninha 30(1) http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0100-83582012000100002
Philips, G. F. (2016) Chemistry: Molecular Spectroscopy- UV-VIS Spectroscopy, Kaye and Lal Table of Physical and Chemical Constants, http://www.kayelaby.npl.co.uk/chemistry/3_8/3_8_7.html. Retrieved 13 April, 2017.
Pohanka, M., (2013). Role of oxidative stress in infectious diseases. A review. FoliaMicrobiol. (Praha) 58, 503–513.
Pouramini, Z and Moradi, A (2012) Structural and orthoselectivity study of 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde using spectroscopic analysis, Arabian Journal of Chemistry 5 (1) 99–102
Prakash, A. (2001). Antioxidant Activity. Med. Lab Anal Prog. 19(2): 1-6
Richard, J. P. C. (1998) Natural Product Isolation. Glaxo Welcome and Development, Steven age Hertz U.K. Humana Press, Totowa, New Jersey U.S.A. p 290-230, 243-360
Shi, Y., Kawai, Y. and Shimmonitsu, T. (2008) Low Molecular Weight Antioxidant and their Chemistry. Physiological Reviews 67(1): 315-330.
Shriner R. L,. Hermann, C. K., Morrill, T. C., Curtin, D. Y. and Fuson, R.C. (2004). The Systematic Identification of Organic Compounds, 8th ed. John Wiley and Sons Inc. p. 447
Silverstein, R. M., Webster, F. X. and Kiemle, D. J. (2005) Spectrometric Identification of Organic Comounds. 7th ed USA: John Wiley and Sons Inc. p.94
Sofowora, A., (2008). Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine in Africa. Spectrum Books, Ibadan, Nigeria, p. 150-289.
Trease, G. E. and Evans, W. E. (2002). Pharmacognosy. 15th edition, W. B. Saunders Company Limited, London, p 585.
Valentino, T, L., Rushwood, S. E., Carlos, A. L.(2002). Benefits of Antioxidants in Modern Pharmacotherapy and its possible undesired effects. Systemic Science.36(4):241-8.