Haematopoietic and Safety Study of Methanolic Extract of the Bark of Trema orientalis (L.) Blume Fam. Ulmaceae
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Various plant parts are known and have been found to be of great benefit to humans either as condiments or spices in human diet or as drugs. Different parts of Trema orientalis are used as condiment or spices in human diet and as medicine. This study therefore focused on the haematopoietic and safety study of the stem bark of this plant. The stem bark of T. orientalis tree was chopped from the plant, dried, powdered and subjected to extraction using a soxhlet apparatus with methanol as solvent. Acute toxicity study of this methanol extract was carried out with twenty-four mice divided into six groups. Each group received a dose of 500mg/kg, 1500mg/kg, 2200mg/kg, 5000mg/kg and 7500mg/kg/body weight (bwt) orally as a single dose respectively while the control group received distilled water. The mice were observed over a period of 24-hours for any acute intoxication .Also Twenty-five albino rats were used for haematopoietic effect and they were divided into five groups, each group received 0.0625g/kg, 0.125g/kg, 0.25g/kg and 0.5g/kg bwt of the methanol extract daily respectively for 28 days while the control group received distilled water only. After 28 days of administration, the animals were sacrificed and the blood samples were collected through cardiac puncture and subjected to heamapoietic parameters evaluation using standard procedures. Twenty five per cent (25%) response was observed at a limit dose of 7500mg/kg for the acute toxicity test while the result of the haematopoietic effect showed a significant increase in the PCV, Hb, RBC and lymphocyte count (P<0.05) when compared with the control and there was a significant decrease in the WBC, Eosinophils, Neutrophils and Platelet counts (P<0.05) . The LD50 value was greater than 2000mg/kg. This study showed this plant had an appreciable hematopoietic effect and it was non-toxic. Therefore it confirms the ethnobotanical use of this plant as a blood booster.
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