Bacteriological Profile of Leafy Vegetables Sold in Agbor Market, Delta State, Nigeria
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Background: This study investigated the bacterial contamination of selected leafy vegetables sold in Edike Market, Agbor, Delta State, Nigeria. This study establishes the health risks posed by open-air market contamination on the local leafy vegetables and assess specific gaps in the region's food safety status.
Methods: Five vegetable types Telfairia occidentalis, Celosia argentea, Albizia zygia, were analyzed using standard microbiological techniques for total heterotrophic bacterial count (THBC), isolation, and identification of bacterial species.
Results: The THBC ranged from 3.6 × 10? CFU/g in Celosia argentea to 1.85 × 10? CFU/g in Gongronema latifolium, indicating heavy microbial contamination of all samples. Bacterial isolates recovered included Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp., Bacillus cereus, Salmonella spp., and Klebsiella spp. Escherichia coli was the most prevalent isolate, occurring in all vegetable samples (100% distribution) and accounting for 36.0% of total isolates, while Klebsiella spp. was the least prevalent (8.0%). Gongronema latifolium harbored the highest diversity of bacterial isolates (80%), whereas Myrianthus arboreus had the lowest (40%).
Conclusion: The findings imply that vegetables sold in the study area are exposed to significant contamination during cultivation, handling, transportation, and marketing, posing potential public health risks. Improved hygiene practices, proper washing of vegetables, and enhanced market sanitation are recommended to reduce the risk of foodborne infections associated with vegetable consumption.
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