Bacteriological Evaluation of Well Water Samples from Selected Community Markets in Ijebu-Remo Axis of Ogun State
Barre latérale de l'article
Contenu principal de l'article
Résumé
The quality of portable water and treatment of water borne diseases are critical public health issue. This study was carried out in Ijebu-Remo communities-axis of Ogun State to evaluate the bacteriological and physicochemical quality of in-situ community market well water for the presence of coliforms and other associated potential pathogens. A total of 24 wells from selected 6 market locations were examined. They were found to be laden with coliforms, Pseudomonas and Klebsiella in varying percentage. The potential hydrogen concentrations of the 24 wells examined were acidic with the exception of 2 wells with a pH 7. The total viable count varied between 7×106 to 47.5 ×106. Though the regressive analysis to determine the significance of the extrinsic and intrinsic values of the sampled water extends beyond the P-values?0.5, the total viable count from the 24 well water sampled were grossly contaminated. Therefore, the water is unsafe for drinking to avoid water borne infection of unpredictable magnitudes.
Téléchargements
Renseignements sur l'article
Cette œuvre est sous licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale - Pas de Modification 4.0 International.
Références
Adeniyi, J. (2003). Text of a Message delivered at the 31st Environment Day, Ibadan, Nigeria. The Guardian Newspaper 5th June, 2003 p.37.
Agrawal, A.K. and Pradeep Pariah (2012). Industrial Microbiology ISBN(10): 81-88826-25-1 pg.608-615
Anita, K.H. and Sidney, A.C (1992). Water borne Diseases in Encyclopedia of Microbiology Academic Press Inc. p. 337-384.
APHA (1989) Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 17th ed. Washington, DC, American Public Health Association.
APHA, (1992). Standard methods for the Examination of Water and Waste water. Washington 17th Ed. Part 9000.
ASTM (1976). Standard test for pH of water and waste water. In: Annual book of ASTM standards. Part31. Philadelphia, PA, American Society for Testing and Materials, p. 178
Chesebrough, M.(2002). Water related Diseases and Testing of Water supplies in District Laboratory Practice in Tropical Countries Part II. Cambridge University Press P. 143-157.
Cowan S.T. (1981). Manual for the Identification of Medical Bacteria. Cambridge University Press 2nd ed.
Dadswill, J.V. (1990). Microbiological Aspects for Water Quality and Health Journal of the Institutions of Water and Environment Management. Vol.4 (6) P.515-519.
Duran, C.J. (1984). Safe Water for Every Family. World Health No.6, Nov. 1984
Galbraith, N.S. et al (1987). Water and Disease after Croydon: A Review of Water-borne and Water Associated Diseases in the U.K. J IWEM, NO 1 Jan-Feb., 1987 P. 7-21.
Harold, J. Benson (2002) Microbiology applications. McGraw Hill,8th Edn. pg 40-47
Hugo,W.B. and Russell, A.D.(1984). Pharmaceutical Microbiology. Blackwell Scientific Publications. 3rd ed. P. 320
HMSO (1978) The measurement of electrical conductivity and laboratory determination of the pH value of natural, treated and wastewaters. London, Her Majesty’s Stationery Office.
Hutin, Y. Luby S. and Paquet, C. (2003). A Large Cholera Outbreak in Kano City: The importance of Hand Washing with Soap and The Danger of Street Vended Water. J. Water & Health, Vol. 1, 2003.
Illinois Dept. of Public Health (1999). Well Sampling for Coliform and Nitrate. Environmental Health Fact Sheet.. www.idph.state.il.us/envhealth
IPCS News(1993). Water Quality Guidelines. The Newsletter of the International Program on Chemical Safety, Issue 4 :2
Kirby, C. (1997). Shallow Aquifer Water Quality Risks. Water and Sanitation for All: Partnerships and Innovations. 23rd WEDC Conference, Durban, South African, 1997. P. 385-387.
Lloyd, B. and Helmer, R.(1991). Surveillance of Drinking Water Quallity in Rural Areas. L:longman Grp. UK., P, 1-4.
Manitoba Health (2001). How do I Disinfect my well. Well Water Fact Sheet March, 2001.
Mendie, V.E. (2002). Cyclical growths of contaminants in drinking water packaged in polythene bag. Nig. J. Pharmacy, 33, April-June, 2002, pg 27-32.
McClanahan, M.A. and Mancy, K.H. (1974). Effect of pH on the quality of calcium carbonate film deposited from moderately hard and hard water. Journal of the American Water Works Association, 66(1):49–53.
Osho, A. and Fagade, O.E. (2000). Occurrence of Coliform and Faecal Streptococcus in Ago-iwoye Well Water. Nig. J. Sci. Vol. 34, No 4 P. 323-329.
Packam, R.F. (1990). Cryptosporidium and Water Supplies – The Badenoch Report J. IWEM, 1990 4TH Dec. P. 78-580.
Petrie, A.S. and Clapharm D.B (1994). Seasonal Variations in the Quality of Spring Waters Used as Water Supplies. J. IWEM, 1994, 8TH June, P. 320-326.
Strauss, B., King, W. and Hoey, J.R. (2001). A Prospective study of rural drinking water quality and acute gastrointestinal illness. Biomed Central Public Health, 29th Aug. 2001. www.biomedcentral.com
Water Resources (2002). Application of standards for bacteriological quality of public drinking water supplies and private wells: water quality standards. Dept. of Environment, Gov. of Newfoundland & Labrador. . www.gov.nf.ca/env/Env/waterres
WHO(1993). New drinking water guidelines. IPCS news, issue 4.
WHO (1996). Water and Sanitation Factsheets 112 Nov 1996 www.who.int/inf
WHO (2007). Guidelines for drinking water qualities who/sde/wsh/07.01/1