Evaluation of the antidiarrhoeal and ex-vivo intestinal activity of Hymenocardia acida Tul. (Phyllanthaceae) methanol leaf extract and chloroform fraction using animal models
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Hymenocardia acida leaves and stem-bark are used traditionally for the management of diarrhoea and dysentery. This study was therefore aimed at investigation of the leaf extract and fraction on diarrhoea and intestinal motility. The leaves were collected, powdered, macerated in methanol for 72 h, and concentrated under pressure. Liquid-liquid partitioning was additionally performed yielding chloroform and aqueous fractions. The crude methanol extract (MHA) and the chloroform fraction (CHA) were then analysed. Qualitative phytochemical analyses on MHA were performed using standard procedures. The activity of MHA (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) on intestinal transit, castor oil-induced diarrhoea and castor-oil induced enteropooling was assessed with atropine or loperamide (5 mg/kg) as positive control. MHA and CHA were further examined on the isolated rat ileum motility. Several secondary metabolite classes were detected. MHA had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on intestinal transit while producing significant inhibition of castor-oil induced diarrhoea (P < 0.001). MHA had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on intestinal fluid accumulation. MHA inhibited the amplitude and frequency of spontaneous intestinal contractions; however, CHA increased the amplitude but inhibited the frequency. Both MHA and CHA inhibited acetylcholine-induced intestinal contractions though MHA showed significant inhibition (P< 0.001) of the frequency. This study has shown that H. acida leaves have anti-diarrhoea and anti-motility activities supporting its use traditionally.
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