Evaluation of the phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activity of the stem of Senecio biafrae (Asteraceae)
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The use of herbal products is of global importance because of their low side effects, accessibility and affordability when compared with conventional medicine. The objective of this study was to investigate the phytochemical content and in-vitro antioxidants activities of the methanol extract of Senecio biafrae stem. The methanol extract was obtained by cold maceration method. Phytochemical investigation was carried out using standard procedures. In-vitro anti-oxidant activity was estimated by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay. The qualitative analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, reducing sugars, cardiac glycosides, steroids, flavonoids and saponins while tannins and anthraquinones were absent in the extracts. The DPPH assay showed percentage inhibition ranging from 40.08±0.26 to 47.27±0.02% for Seneco biafrae stem extract, 96.64±0.07 to 98.76±0.01% for ascorbic acid and 54.62±0.06 to 58.99±0.06% for alpha tocopherol, with IC50 112.58 ?g/ml, 5.66 ?g/ml and 18.51 ?g/ml respectively. The FRAP assay of the extract was 107 ?M Fe2+/g dry extract while the positive control (ascorbic acid) had a value of 272.5 ?MFe2+/g dry material. This study shows that the methanol extract of Senecio biafrae stem possesses various phytochemical constituents, has antioxidant potential and could be very useful in the prevention and treatment of various diseases and ailments.
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