Formulation and Evaluation of Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride Vaginal Tablet and Gel
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Two different dosage forms of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CH), namely tablet and gel intended for vaginal drug delivery were formulated. The vaginal tablet was evaluated for weight uniformity, dissolution through an artificial membrane and bioadhesion on pig’s vaginal epithelium. In addition CH vaginal gel was evaluated for pH, consistency and its activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The weight, thickness, diameter and hardness of CH vaginal tablets were 0.614 ± 0.20g, 5.53 ± 0.01mm, 12.54 ± 0.02 mm and 1.92 ± 0.20 kgf respectively. There was gradual release of CH from the vaginal tablets through an artificial membrane over ninty minutes. The CH vaginal gel had a pH of 6.67 and consistency of 115.40 ± 0.77 mPa.s. CH vaginal gel was more active against Escherichia coli (MIC = 0.03125 mg/mL) than Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 0.0625 mg/mL). The release kinetics exhibited by the CH vaginal tablet was zero order (r2 = 0.9032).
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Andrews, J. M. (2001). Determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations. J Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 48: Suppl., SI, 5-16.
Attama, A. A., Adikwu, M. U. and Okoli, N. D. (2000). Studies on bioadhesive granules: granules formulated with Prosopis africana (Prosopis) Gum. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 48(5): 734-737.
Blaey, C.J and Polderman, J. (1980) Rationales in the design of rectal and vaginal delivery forms of drugs In: Drug design vol.1X, Academic press London. Pp 237-266.
Chein, Y. W. (2007). Novel drug delivery systems. 2nd ed. Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York, pp. 529-583.
Chime Salome A. Onunkwo Godswill C. and Onyishi Ikechukwu I. (2013) Kinetics and Mechanisms of Drug release from swellable and non swellable matrices a Review. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and chemical Sciences. 4 :97-103
Collins, C. H. and Lyne, A. (1979). Microbiological methods 4th ed. Butterworth, London. Harkins, W. D. and Jordann H. F. (1930). A method for determination of surface and interfacial tension from the maximum pull on the ring. J. Amer Chem. Soc. 52:1721.
Hilier, S., Melissa, C. S. and William, C. S. (2008). Bacterial Vaginosis. In: K. K. Holmes et al; Sexually Transmitted Disease, 4th ed., McGraw Hill, New York, pp. 737-768.
Kalam, M. A. Humayunn, M., Par Vez, N., Yadav, S., Garg, A., Amin, K. S. and Sultana, Ali, A. (2007) Release kinetics of modified pharmaceutical dosage forms: a review. Continental J. Pharm. Sciences. 1:30-35.
Korsemeryer, R. W., Gurny, R., Doelker, E. M., Buri, P. and Peppas, N. A. (1983). Mechanism of solute release from porous hydrophilic polymers. Int. J. Pharm., 15: 25-35.
Loyd, V. A., Nicholas, G. P. and Howard C. A. (2007). Tablets: In Ansel’s Pharmaceutical Dosage forms and Drug Delivery System. Wolter Kluwer and Lippincott Williams & Wilkings. Philadelphia. p. 227-259
National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (2000). Standard methods for dilution, antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically. 5th ed., Approved Standard, Document M7-A5 NCCLS, Villannova, Pa.
Ofoefule, S. I. and Ike-Unor, U. O. ( 2001). Invitro evaluation of bioadhesive polymers and tablet delivery-systems for the administration of dequialinium chloride to the vaginal epithelium. J. Phytomedicine and Therapeutics, 6 (2): 98-105.
Sitruk – Ware, R. (2005). Vaginal delivery of contraceptives. Expert Opinion Drug Delivery. 2(4): 729-736.
Tilton, R. C. and Howard, B. J. (1987). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing. In: B. J. Howard (eds). Clinical and Pathogenic Microbiology. C. V. Mosby, Missouri, USA.
Woolfson, A., Malcom R. K. and Gallagher R. (2000). Drug delivery by the intravaginal route. Crit Rev. Ther. Drug Carrier System 17(5): 509-55.