Acute Effect of Timolol (Ivytimol) on Tear Production in Young Adults
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Abstract
Background: Timolol Maleate is a widely used topical beta-blocker medication for treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension in Nigeria and globally. While effective in lowering intraocular pressure, it has been associated with adverse ocular surface effects. This study aimed to investigate the acute effect of Timolol (Ivytimol) on tear production in young adults, examining potential gender and age-related influences.
Methods: A prospective, quasi-experimental (pre-test, post-test) study was conducted on 132 healthy subjects (64 males, 68 females) aged 16-30 years (mean age 21.56 ± 2.38 years) at the University of Ilorin Optometry Clinic. Tear production was measured using Schirmer's test I without anesthesia at baseline and at 30, 60, and 90 minutes after instillation of Ivytimol (Timolol maleate BP 0.5%, Benzalkonium Chloride BP 0.01%). Subjects with ocular or systemic diseases, contact lens wearers, and those using medications affecting intraocular pressure or tear secretion were excluded.
Results: A significant decrease in tear production was observed at all time intervals following Timolol administration (p < 0.05) showing timolol inhinbits the production of tears. Neither gender nor age had a significant influence on the effect of Timolol on tear production (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: Topical administration of Timolol significantly reduces tear production in young adults, with the effect persisting for at least 90 minutes post-instillation. These findings suggest the need for close monitoring of ocular surface health in patients using Timolol, particularly for those with pre-existing dry eye or at risk of developing ocular surface disorders.
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