Evaluation of the acute and subchronic toxicity of the aqueous root extract of Talinum triangulare (Jacq.) Willd. [Portulacaceae]

Main Article Content

Flora Aigbe
Mofolashade Oyatorisa
Kayode Omotoso
Oluwafunmilayo Adeyemi

Abstract

Background: Talinum triangulare (Jacq.) Willd [Portulacaceae] is commonly consumed as vegetable and used for medicinal purposes.  Its root is used as tonic and for managing hypertension, asthma, schistosomiasis, scabies and fresh cut wounds. The aim of this study is to evaluate the toxicity of the aqueous root extract of T.  triangulare (ARTT).


Methods: Acute toxicity tests of ARTT administered orally at 1,250?10,000 mg/kg and intraperitoneally at 125?1,250 mg/kg were carried out using albino mice. Ninety days toxicity test of ARTT (10, 50 and 250 mg/kg; p.o.) was also performed using albino rats.


Results: The LD50 obtained for oral and intraperitoneal acute toxicity tests were 5,623 mg/kg and 398 mg/kg respectively. In the subchronic toxicity test, ARTT significantly (p < 0.05) reduced body weight and food intake of male and female rats. It significantly (p < 0.05) altered heart, pancreas, testes and ovaries weights of male and female rats. Histological examination revealed pathological changes in the structure of rats’ lungs and kidney tissues. Red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit and platelet count reduced significantly (p < 0.05) in female rats while white blood cells count reduced in both male and female rats. Significant (p < 0.05) increase in triglycerides and cholesterol were noted for male and female rats respectively. Alteration of biochemical indices of renal and hepatic functions among other effects were also observed.


Conclusion: These results show that ARTT induces weight loss, anorexia, pancytopenia, nephrotoxicity and other toxic effects. This finding indicates that the ingestion of ARTT poses significant health risk.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Article Details

How to Cite
Aigbe, F., Oyatorisa, M. ., Omotoso, K. ., & Adeyemi, O. . (2021). Evaluation of the acute and subchronic toxicity of the aqueous root extract of Talinum triangulare (Jacq.) Willd. [Portulacaceae]. Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Applied Science Research, 10(1), 26–34. Retrieved from https://nijophasr.net/index.php/nijophasr/article/view/418
Section
Articles

References

REFERENCES

Fontem DA, Schippers RR, Talinum triangulare (Jacq.) Willd [online].

Wageningen, Netherlands. Available from:

https://www.prota4u.org/database/protav8.asp?g=pe&p=Talinum+triangulare+(Jacq.)+

Willd. [Accessed 20 July 2020].

Ameh GI, Eze CS. Phytochemical and ethnobotanical evaluation of the leaves of Talinum triangulare (Jacq) Wild. Niger J Biotechnol (2010), 21 (1): 50-54.

Swarna, J. and Ravindhran, R. Pharmacognostical and phytochemical evaluation

of Talinum triangulare (Jacq.) Willd. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci, (2013), 5 (2): 249-256.

Ogie?Odia EA, Oluowo EF. Assessment of some therapeutic plants of the Abbi

people in Ndokwa West L.G.A. of Delta State, Nigeria. Ethnobot leafl (2009) 13, 989–1002.

Liang D, Zhou O, Gong W, Wang Y, Nie Z, He H. et al. Studies on the antioxidant and

hepatoprotective activities of polysaccharides from Talinum triangulare. J

Ethnopharmacol (2011), 136: 316-321.

Olorunnisola OS, Adetutu A , Afolayan AJ, Owoade AO. Effect of methanolic

leaf extract of Talinum triangulare (Jacq). orhuWilld. on biochemical parameters in diet

induced dyslipidemia Wistar rats. Pharmacogn Mag (2016). 12 (48): 333–339.

Orhuamen EO, Olorunmaiye KS, Adeyemi CO. Proximate analysis of

fresh and dry leaves of Telfairia occidentalis (Hook. F.) and Talinum triangulare (Jacq.)

Willd. Hrvatski ?asopis Za Prehrambenu Tehnologiju, Biotehnologiju i Nutricionizam,

(2012), 7 (3–4): 188–191.

Wersja P. Talinum triangulare - philippine spinach, waterleaf, leaf ginseng,

cariru. Herbs from distant lands [online]. Available from:

http://herbsfromdistantlands.blogspot.com/2016/03/talinum-triangulare-philippine-

spinach.html, assessed [Accessed 29 April 2020].

Adeyemi O, Oyeniyi O, Mbagwu H and Jackson C. Evaluation of the gastrointestinal activity of the aqueous root extracts of Talinum triangulare. Res Pharm Biotech (2011), 3 (6): 61–67.

Okete JA, Edu EA, Oku EE, Sadiq IA Efficacy of the ethanolic extracts of Talinum

triangulare (JACQ) for control of the freshwater snail, Bulinus globosus, the vector of

urinary schistosomiasis. Int.J Pure Appl Zool (2015), 3 (1), 76–86.

Fred-Jaiyesimi, AA, Ajibesin KK. Ethnobotanical survey of toxic plants and plant parts

in Ogun State, Nigeria. Int. J. Green Pharm. (2012), 6 (3), 174–179.

United States National Institute of Health. Guide for the care and use of

laboratory animals. 8th ed. Washington: 2011, National Academic Press.

Omotoso KS, Aigbe FR, Salako OA, Chijioke MC, Adeyemi OO. Toxicological evaluation of

the aqueous whole plant extract of Aerva lanata (l.) Juss. ex Schult (Amaranthaceae), J Ethnopharmacol (2017), 209: 174–184.

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Repeated

dose 28-day oral toxicity study in rodents. Draft updated test guidelines (2007), 407.

Galigher AE, Kozloff EN. Essentials of practical Microtechniques. 2nd ed. (1971),

Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger.

Sun M, Zigma S. An improved spectrophotometric assay of superoxide dismutase based on ephinephrine antioxidation. Anal Biochem (1978), 90: 81–89.

Sedlak J, Lindsay RH. Estimation of total protein-bound, and non-protein sulfhydryl groups in tissue with Ellman's reagent. Anal Biochem (1968), 25: 1192– 1205.

Sinha AK. Colorimetric assay of catalase. Anal Biochem (1972), 47 (2): 389–

Soon YY, Tan BKH. Evaluation of the hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities of Morinda officinalis in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats. Singapore Med J (2002), 43: 077-085.

Cheesbrough M. District laboratory practice in tropical countries (Part 2). 2nd

ed. (2006), Cmbridge: University Press.

Loomis TA, Hayes AW. Loomis’s Essentials of Toxicology (1996), California:

Academic Press.

United States National Archives and Records Administration. Code of federal

regulations, protection of environment (2006), title 40, sec. 156.62.

Crary MA. Dysphagia and head and neck cancer. In: M.E. Groher, M.A. Crary,

eds. Dysphagia (2016), St. Louis, MO: Mosby, 69-95.

Erlanson-Albertsson C, Mei J. The effect of low carbohydrate on energy

metabolism. Int J Obes (2005), 29: S26–S30.

Ajagbonna OP, Onifade KI,?Suleiman U. Haematological and biochemical changes in rats given water extract of Calotropis procera. Sokoto J Vet Sci (1999), 1(1): 36-42.

Adeneye AA, Adeyemi OO, Agbaje EO, Banjo AAF Evaluation of the toxicity and

reversibility profile of the aqueous seed extract of Hunteria umbellata (K. Schum.) Hallier F. in rodents. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med (2010), 7 (4): 350–369.

Ekpo A, Eseyin O, Kalu N, Jackson O, Edoho EJ. Studies on the biochemical effects of Talinum triangulare in rats. JPT (2007), 2 (3): 300–303.

Ezekwe CI, Uzomba RC, Ugwu PCO. The effect of methanol extract of Talinum triangulare (water leaf) on the haematology and some liver parameters of

experimental rats. GJBB (2013), 8 (2): 51-60.

Spolding B, Connor T, Wittmer C, Abreu LLF, Kaspi A, Ziemann M. et al. Rapid development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in Psammomys obesus (Israeli Sand Rat) (2014), 9 (3): e92656.

Guerra, V. Neto OMV, Laurindo AF, De Paula FJA, Neto MM. Hypercalcemia and renal function impairment associated with vitamin D toxicity: case report. J Bras Nefrol (2016), 38 (4): 466-469.

Narayana K, D’Souza UJA, Rao KPS. Ribavirin-induced sperm shape

abnormalities in Wistar rats. Mutat Res (2002), 513: 193-196.

He Q, Su G, Liu K, Zhang F, Jiang Y, Gao J. Sex-specific reference intervals of

haematologic and biochemical analytes in Sprague-Dawley rats using the nonparametric rank percentile method. PLoS One (2017), 12(12): e0189837.

Most read articles by the same author(s)