Comparative study on anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of the leaf, stem and root of Dracaena arborea (Wild) Linn. (Asparagaceae)
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Abstract
Dracaena arborea is one of the plants used in Akwa Ibom State ethnomedicine to treat pain and inflammatory related diseases. This research was structured to study the anti-inflammatory and analgesic abilities of the leaf, stem and root of D. arborea. The leaf, stem and root of D. arborea plant were collected, garbled, dried, pulverized, macerated with 70% ethanol for 72 hours, filtered and concentrated. The LD50 of the extracts was studied using the method described by Lorke; anti-inflammatory study was carried out using egg albumin-induced oedema and xylene-induced topical oedema models while analgesic study was done using acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin-induced paw licking and hot plate-induced pain models. The result of the study revealed the LD50 of 223.60 mg/kg, 273.86 mg/kg and 122.47 mg/kg for the leaf, stem and root extracts, respectively. Also, the leaf, stem and root extracts of D. arborea were able to reduce oedema caused by egg albumin and xylene; exhibited high analgesic properties in inhibiting pain induced by formalin, acetic acid and hot plate. These reductions were dose-dependent and statistically significant (p < 0.05) when compared to distilled water and similar to prototype drugs, acetyl salicylic acid and dexamethasone. The result from this study supports D. arborea as anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent in ethnomedicine
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