The Knowledge, Practices and Attitude of Community Pharmacists and Patent Medicine Vendors towards Use and Sales of Dexamethasone in Southwest Nigeria
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
There has been an increased Dexamethasone consumption among Nigerians in recent times, little is however known about the potential contribution of Community Pharmacists (CPs) and Patent Medicine Vendors (PMVs) to this phenomenon. A cross sectional study to assess the knowledge and sales practice of Dexamethasone was carried out among 36 conveniently sampled CPs and 108 PMVs in Sagamu, Nigeria, between January and April 2015, using a pretested 28-item questionnaire. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ogun State Ministry of Health Ethical Review Board. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data while Chi -square was used for test of proportions. P values < 0.05 were considered significant. The response rate was 133(92.4%). The total mean scores for CPs and PMVs on the knowledge score rating were 9.8 and 5.7 respectively; 42 (31.6%) and 57(42.9%) respondents sold and recommended Dexamethasone respectively for fattening. The study concluded that the PMVs had poor knowledge of Dexamethasone. The sales practices of both the CPs and the PMVs could contribute to inappropriate use of Dexamethasone in the community. Training of PMVs and CPs on drug policy guidelines and ethics is recommended
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Adje DU, Oli AN (2013). Community pharmacy in Warri, Nigeria – A survey of practice details. Scholar Academic Journal of Pharmacy. 2 (5):391-397
Aina BA, Tayo F, Taylor O (2008). Cost implication of irrational prescribing of chloroquine in Lagos state general hospitals. Journal of infection in Developing countries. 2 (11): 68-72
Akinyandenu O, Akinyandenu A (2014). Irrational use and non- prescription sale of antibiotics in Nigeria: A need for change. Journal of science and innovation research. 3(2):251-257
Akuse RM, Esigbe EE, Ahmed A, Brieger WR. (2010). Patent medicine sellers: How can they help control childhood malaria? Malaria Research and Treatment. Article ID470754.
Al Hassan MI (2009). A look at community practice in Saudi Arabia, Research Journal of Medical Sciences. 3(3):111-114.
Ambwani S, Mathur. A K (2008). Rational Drug Use. Health Administrator 19(1) 5-7. Auta A, Omale S, Folorunsho TJ, David S, Banwat
SB (2012). Medicine vendors: self-medication practices and medicine knowledge. North American Journal of Medical Sciences. 4: 24 doi:10.4103/1947-2714.92899
Berendes S, Adeyemi O, Oladele EA, Oresanya OB, Okoh F (2012). Are patent medicine vendors effective agents in malaria control? Using Lot Quality Assurance sampling to assess quality of practice in Jigawa, Nigeria. PLoS ONE.7(9): e44775 doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0044775
Beyeler N, Liu J, Sieverding M (2015). A systematic review of the role of proprietary and patent medicine vendors in healthcare provision in Nigeria. PLoS One.10:e0117165.doi: 0.1371/journal.pone.0117165.
Erhun WO, Osigbesan T, Awogbemi KJ (2013). Study of pharmacists’ and physicians’ views on pharmacist prescribing in Nigeria. West African Journal of Pharmacy. 24(2):76-82
Fajola A, Asuzu MC, Owoaje ET, Asuzu CC, Ige OK, Oladunjoye OO et al (2011). A rural-urban comparison of client-provider interactions in patent medicine shops in south west Nigeria. International Quarterly of Community Health Education.32 (3):195–203. doi: 10.2190/IQ.32.3.c
Federal Ministry of Health (2005). National Drug Policy. Downloaded at http://collections.infocollections.org/whocountry/en/d/js6865/ on 29th December, 2014.
Gilbert L (1998). Pharmacy’s attempt to extend its role: A case study in South Africa. Social Science and Medicine.47 (2):153-164
Hamilton H, Gallagher P, Ryan C, Bryne S, O’ Mahony D (2011). Potential inappropriate medications defined by STOPP criteria and the risk of adverse drugs reactions in older hospitalized patients. Archives of Internal Medicine. 13:171(11):1013-1019
Hussain A, Ibrahim M, Baber Z (2012). Using potentials of community pharmacies to promote rational drug use in Pakistan: an opportunity exists or lost. Journal of Pakistan Medical Association. 6(11):1217-1222
Kalra S, Kalra B, Gupta Y (2014). Glycemic management after antenatal corticosteroid therapy. North American Journal of Medical Sciences. 6(2): 71-76
Kathleen AH. Combating inappropriate use of medicines (2011). Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology. 4(3):335-348
Liu J, Prach LM, Treleaven E, Hansen M, Anyanti J, Jagha AT,Seaman V, Ajumobi O, Isiguzo C (2016). The role of drug vendors in improving basic health care services in Nigeria. Bulletin of World Health Organization. Article ID BLT.15.154666.
Okeke TA, Uzochukwu BSC, Okafor HU (2006). An in-depth study of patent medicine sellers’ perspectives on malaria in a rural Nigerian community. Malaria Journal. 5:97. doi: 10.1186/1475-2875-5-97.
Okonkwo AD, Okonkwo UP (2010). Patent medicine vendors, community pharmacists and STI management in Abuja, Nigeria. African Health Sciences.10: 253-265
Onyeneho NG, Chukwu JN (2010). Is there a role for patent medicine vendors in tuberculosis control in southern Nigeria? Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition. 28 (6): 567-577
Pharmacists’ Council of Nigeria. Mandatory continuing professional development (MCPD) schedule (2014). Downloaded at http://www.medicalworldnigeria.com/2014/03/pharmacist-council on 26th February,
Rubio J, García-Delgado P, Iglésias-Ferreira P, Mateus-Santos H, Martínez-Martínez F (2015). Measurement of patients' knowledge of their medication in community pharmacies in Portugal. Ciênc.saúdecoletiva.20(1) http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232014201.20952013
Shefrin AE, Goldman RD (2009). Use of Dexamethasone and Prednisolone in acute asthma excerbations in paediatric patients. Canadian Family Physician. 55(7): 704-706
Shrestha M, Maharjan R, Prajapati A (2015). Assessment of knowledge and practice of community pharmacy personnel on diabetes mellitus management in Kathmandu district: a cross sectional descriptive study. Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic disorders. 14:71
Singh J, Singh N, Kumar R, Bhandari V, Kaur N, Dureja S (2013). Awareness about prescribed drugs among patients attending outpatient department. International Journal of Applied Basic Medical Sciences. 3(1) 48-51
Uzochukwu BSC, Onwujekwe OE, Okwuosa C, Ibe OP (2014). Patent medicine dealers and irrational use of medicines in children: The economic cost and implications for reducing childhood mortality in southeast Nigeria. PLoS One.9:e91667. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091667. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Vyvey M (2010). Steroids as pain relief adjuvants. Canadian Family Physician. 56 (12): 1295-1297 World Health Organization: Medicines use in Primary Care in Developing and Transitional Countries. Fact Book Summarizing Results from Studies Reported Between 1990 and 2006. 2009, Geneva: World Health Organization. Available from: http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/documents/s16073e/s16073e.pdf. Accessed on 5th September, 2016
Zillich A J, McDonough RP, Carter BL, Doucette WR (2004). Influential characteristics of Physicians/pharmacists collaborative relationship. Annals of pharmacotherapy. 38(5):764-770